Climate change is one of the most pressing challenges facing world leaders today. The resulting impacts, such as rising global temperatures, extreme weather and ecosystem disruption, have forced countries to formulate effective policies. Various international conferences, such as the COP (Conference of the Parties), serve as a platform for world leaders to discuss and agree on climate change mitigation measures. One of the main challenges is the different levels of commitment between countries. Developed countries often have greater resources and technology to adapt and reduce carbon emissions. Meanwhile, developing countries are trapped in a cycle of poverty that makes concrete action difficult. This creates a gap in the path of global aspirations to address climate change. Global policies, such as the Paris Agreement, underscore the importance of each country’s nationally determined contributions (NDC). However, the implementation of the NDC is often hampered by political, economic and social interests. Several large countries, such as the United States and China, are at the center of attention, as their emissions account for a large share of global warming. From an industry perspective, the transition to renewable energy is an important step taken by many governments. However, it also poses challenges for sectors dependent on fossil fuels. World leaders must find ways to bridge the gap between reducing emissions and maintaining a sustainable economy. Technological innovations such as carbon capture and storage (CCS) are the focus to help tackle emissions without sacrificing economic growth. Public awareness also plays an important role in climate change policy. Global movements, such as Fridays for Future, show that the voices of the younger generation are becoming stronger. World leaders must be responsive to these public demands, seeking to educate people about the importance of sustainability and collective action. Increasing demand for sustainable food production and environmentally friendly lifestyles is creating pressure on government policies. In addition, the impact of climate change on health is also a concern. Vector-borne diseases, one of the impacts of global warming, require global cooperation to overcome them. World leaders must pay attention to health aspects in formulating climate change policies to create a comprehensive system. On the other hand, political instability and conflict in several regions make international collaboration more complex. In this context, strengthening multilateral cooperation is key to building a strong foundation in dealing with climate change. Initiatives to share technology and resources should be encouraged to increase the capacity of the most vulnerable countries. With the increasing frequency of natural disasters, the integration of climate change in development planning is becoming increasingly important. World leaders are expected to be able to formulate policies that are not only reactive, but also proactive in building community resilience. This includes investment in green infrastructure and improving early warning systems for disaster mitigation. The importance of education and creating awareness among future generations cannot be ignored. Education about climate change should become an integral part of school curricula around the world. World leaders must lead by example and support educational initiatives that target sustainability and environmental responsibility. In facing the complex challenge of climate change, collaboration from various sectors, including government, private sector and civil society, is very important. World leaders need to adapt and strengthen inclusive approaches to achieve the desired outcomes, namely a safer and more sustainable world for future generations. Policy plans must be responsive to change and be effective for all humanity without leaving anyone behind.
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